How to Become a Zen Valedictorian: Decreasing Your Stress Without Decreasing Your Ambition
The Zen Valedictorian April 18th. 2008, 3:25pmThe Zen Valedictorian Decoded
Last week, I introduced the Zen Valedictorian Philosophy. This concept captures the general approach to student life that I’ve been promoting on this blog. The big idea is to find a way to become less overloaded and less stressed without becoming less impressive. I believe that a student should be able to have an engaging, fun college experience, and still get into a top graduate program or professional school, and have the ability to choose between outstanding job opportunities. I lived this dream. I’ve met dozens of other students who have as well. In this article, I explain how you can achieve it too.
The Framework
As with the Straight-A Method — which provides a structure for all of my study advice — here I will describe a general framework for the Zen Valedictorian Philosophy. This framework can be realized with any number of specific strategies. Specifically, there are three main principles: underschedule, innovate, and focus. If you can satisfy all three — however you do it — you can achieve the Zen Valedictorian lifestyle.
PRINCIPLE #1: Underschedule
The Zen Valedictorian has more free time than he has activities or classes to fill it. He does not stuff his schedule to capacity. Instead, he purposefully underschedules. Rare are the days in which the Zen Valedictorian is working for most of his waking hours. More common are relaxing nights and last-minute adventures.
The goal of this principle is to leave room in student life for relaxation and participation in activities that generate happiness. It rejects the degenerate belief that if you’re not working every free minute than you’re somehow failing as a student. It also provides the flexibility needed to pursue the random interesting opportunities that often lead to big positive results.
To satisfy this principle requires two strategies:
- Simplification: Have one major. Balance easy courses with hard courses during a given semester. Slash and burn your extracurricular commitments to the bare minimum.
- Efficiency: Improve your study and productivity skills. Live the pillars of the Straight-A Method. The better these skills, the easier it will be to underschedule.
Previous posts that will help you understand and satisfy Principle #1:
- The Radical Simplicity Manifesto
- The Laundry-List Fallacy
- The Straight-A Method
- The Danger of Pseudo-Work
- The Auto-Pilot Schedule
- Fixed-Schedule Productivity
PRINCIPLE #2: Innovate
The Zen Valedictorian strives to be interesting not widely accomplished. The psychology of impressiveness reveals that people are more impressed by someone who makes them ask “how did he do that?” than someone who has a sizable laundry list of standard activities. Achieving the former, fortunately, requires less time — and significantly less stress — than achieving the latter. The Zen Valedictorian takes advantage of this reality by constantly looking to push his involvements into the rarefied territory of interestingness.
The goal of this principle is to stand out from the crowd by means other than simply outworking your peers.
To satisfy this principle keep looking for low-hanging fruit. That is, identify interesting, unexpected directions toward which you can push your involvements. Take the normal course of action for someone in your situation then pump up its ambition by 50%. Next ask: if I had to make this happen, what would it really require? More often than not, you’ll realize that what once seemed hopelessly ambitious is, in reality, possible if you’re somewhat clever and, more importantly, actually follow-through. Keep completing. Keep pumping up your ambition and finding ways to get somewhere more lofty. The interestingness will rise sharply with each new push.
Previous posts that will help you understand and satisfy Principle #2:
- Action is Overrated
- The Law of Complementary Attraction
- The Steve Martin Method
- The Grand Project
- The Information Theory of Success
PRINCIPLE #3: Focus
The Zen Valedictorian is a specialist. He focuses on a small number of areas and works consistently over time to become outstanding in them. He realizes that the relationship between reward and skill level is not linear, but, instead, exponential. A corollary of this truth: being excellent at one thing can yield significantly more rewards than being good at many. Even though the former requires much less time than the latter.
The goal of this principle is to maximize the rewards and interesting opportunities afforded while minimizing both the time investment and the schedule footprint; i.e., total number of unique activities: a metric that strongly predicts stress. The world rewards experts. It is indifferent to generalists. And it could care less how hard you worked.
To satisfy this principle the Zen Valedictorian will, by default, make his academic major an area of focus. He chooses a subject that intensely interests him (not the subject that seems most practical). Because he believes in underscheduling, he has the time need to put serious thought into his class assignments. He soon becomes a department star, which opens up a wealth of exclusive opportunities and rewards hidden from most students.
He will also typically chooses a single extracurricular activity in which to become excellent. By the time he graduates, a Zen Valedictorian should be well-known on campus for his focus-area skill.
Previous posts that will help you understand and satisfy principle #3:
- The Einstein Principle
- A Rap Star and a Rhodes Scholar Walk into a Bar
- Productivity is Overrated
- Would Lincoln Have Become President if he had E-mail?
- The Project Purge
Pulling It All Together
The Zen Valedictorian Framework derives from a careful understanding of two important questions:
- What generates stress?
- What makes someone impressive?
It notes that the answers to the two questions are different. It takes advantage of these differences to make possible the dream of a low-stress impressive student lifestyle.
Specifically, it notes that stress comes from having too many obligations pulling at your time. The principle of underscheduling prevents this situation from occurring.
Impressiveness, on the other hand, comes from doing things very well in a way that defies expectation. The principles of innovation and focus generate these accomplishments. The principle of underscheduling indirectly helps the effort by keeping you low-stressed and providing the time needed to chase down relevant random opportunities as they arise.
Moving Forward
We have a lot more ground to cover. Each of the three principles provides a rich area of exploration. Over the coming months we will dive into these ideas and improve our understanding of how to satisfy them and the types of strategies that might work. Also expect more case studies of real students who are living the Zen Valedictorian lifestyle.
My goal here is nothing less than to dramatically remake your vision of a successful college career. This transformation is not trivial. But I assure you it will be worth it.
As always, I look forward to your feedback and interaction.

April 18th, 2008 at 5:15 pm
Hi Cal,
I really like the philosophy behind this concept (as I like the philosophy behind the rest of your material on this site).
Just one question: why is the Zen Valedictorian a ‘he’? I’m sure some people might think I’m being pedantic, but I really think gender neutral pronouns are important - otherwise 50% of the population are implicitly excluded.
Cheers, L.
April 18th, 2008 at 5:53 pm
@L:
I’m glad the philosophy strikes a chord with you. I’m not a big fan of gender neutral pronouns as I think it muddies the writing. I tend to fix the pronoun one way or the other for a given article. The decision is basically random. (If you go back through the archives you’ll see as many “shes” as “hes”.)
April 18th, 2008 at 7:53 pm
Hi, I’m new here and I wish I had found your site when I was still an undergrad!
Do you think this philosophy can still apply to grad students? I’m finding that grad school almost inherently satisfies principles 2 and 3. But how does one underschedule when simplifying isn’t an option (seminars, courses, TAing, meetings, research…)?
April 18th, 2008 at 8:31 pm
@Shan:
Welcome to my world (I’m a fourth year PhD candidate.) First, in many fields, “focus” and “innovate” are not that obvious for graduate students. At least, not to the level they need to be. I think it’s reasonable interpretation of “focus” to attempt to become world class at a given technique (or time period, or framework, etc.) This can take several years. Most grad students don’t innovate. They do incremental adjustments guided entirely by their advisor. So, though hard, these two principles have their place.
In terms of Principle #1, the best place I can think to apply it is to keep yourself focused on a single research project at a time, turn down as many obligations as you can without really hurting yourself, and pump up the efficiency techniques to their maximum.
You might check out my article on fixed-schedule productivity (linked under Principle #1) which describes how I contain my grad student life between then hours of 9 to 5.
April 18th, 2008 at 11:10 pm
Point taken about grad student innovation
It’s far too easy to fall into the trap of doing only what your advisor tells you to do.
I’m glad to be in an environment where developing the focus and innovation you speak of is possible without too many obstacles. You can bet I’ll be taking this article to heart as I get into my research this summer.
April 19th, 2008 at 3:48 am
definitely food for thought.
I’ll be working more on principle 1. I have only one extracurricular and one major, but I get overwhelmed by how many other things I want to try during my free time.
If nothing else, your blog taught me to work on those little extras — or mini-adventures, shall we say — one at a time. Thank you!
April 19th, 2008 at 2:19 pm
@Daisy:
An additional thought — which I haven’t worked through completely — is the difference between obligatory and non-obligatory activities. That is, I think it’s safe to say that the Zen Valedictorians I know do *many* different things in their free time. It’s just that very few of them require their regular commitment. That is, there is a difference between being a reporter for the school paper, and having to hand in an article every few days, and joining the outdoors club, which requires, basically, nothing, but makes available all sorts of hikes and trips if you happen to have the time. I love the idea of piling on the latter. It’s the former that can lead to stress.
April 19th, 2008 at 7:26 pm
As usual, this is some good stuff. I’ve been reading this blog for a while now and love this new philosophy. It encapsulates a lot of what I was trying to do, but couldn’t quite make as explicit.
I do have a question though. One thing that I feel is important is balance — social and academic skills, math and english skills, everywhere. Standing out in one field can be unimportant if an individual is particularly weak in something else as a result. It doesn’t seem as if there’s any emphasis here in taking classes “cause they sounded interesting.” I think the first two principles are golden, but the focus one worries me just a little bit. I always find that by focusing on one thing, you miss out on a lot of other possibilities that you never even noticed.
April 19th, 2008 at 9:02 pm
@Drew:
I think principle #1 should help you out here. Because you don’t have to pack your schedule trying to satisfy a double or triple major, you have a lot of room to explore. I think the point of principle #3 is not that you shouldn’t do other things, but that the small number of things you choose to do well, you should do really well.
For example, I focused on my computer science major. But that required about one class per quarter. The other two classes I used to explore. I took a lot of art history and brain science and some philosophy — because I thought this was interesting.
April 20th, 2008 at 4:28 pm
[…] Friday schedule. But this story seemed like a perfect addendum to Friday’s discussion of the Zen Valedictorian, and I have some time to kill this afternoon, so the result: a bonus weekend post. Enjoy your […]
April 21st, 2008 at 5:16 am
Hey… how come your book “How To Win at College” suggests a double major and now you are telling us to do just one?
April 21st, 2008 at 1:19 pm
@Udoka:
The suggestion was to add a minor as a way to focus your interest in some subject completely interesting and random and off the beaten path. I’m somewhat indifferent on that advice right now (I wrote that 5 years ago.) On the one hand, I think it’s just a nice way of organizing the low-key study of a random topic (minors are a lot easier than majors, so they don’t gunk up your schedule every semester with required courses.) On the other hand, I wouldn’t, today, suggest running around trying to force one into your semester. If there is some type of class you find yourself keep taking, look into making it a minor, you might be pretty close. Otherwise, don’t sweat it.
May 2nd, 2008 at 2:02 pm
[…] might have noticed that I tagged this article with “The Zen Valedictorian.” I think the adventure studying concept fits nicely with the ZV philosophy. It’s about […]
May 7th, 2008 at 1:58 pm
[…] full biography reads like a Zen Valedictorian, post-grad adventure tale. He attends Yale Law School then never practices a day of law, deciding, […]
May 14th, 2008 at 1:34 pm
[…] Sigh. I think we’ve covered this territory before; i.e., here and here and here and here and here and here and, of course, here. […]
May 28th, 2008 at 2:04 pm
[…] the core of the Zen Valedictorian philosophy is the idea that if you really understand the psychology of impressiveness, you can, in effect, […]
June 10th, 2008 at 2:07 pm
[…] to hear from you. Specifically, I am looking to chat with students who have integrated parts of the Zen Valedictorian philosophy into their life. I want to learn more about the realities of this approach to the […]
June 16th, 2008 at 1:54 pm
[…] types, and certainly not for all student personality types, but, if something about this decidedly Zen Valedictorian style approach sparks a glimmer in your eye, it’s worth taking out for a test […]
June 19th, 2008 at 1:48 pm
I’m not a student, but I think I’m going to re-read this page over and over again until it sinks in